Advanced Journal of Management, Humanity and Social Science

Abstract Artificial Intelligence (AI), as one of the most advanced technologies of the 21st century, has increasingly entered the world's judicial systems and has transformed judicial decision-making processes. With its ability to analyze large volumes of data, identify complex patterns, and predict outcomes, this technology enables the acceleration and increase of accuracy in the process of handling cases. In this regard, AI can help judges and lawyers make more accurate and objective decisions based on evidence and information, thereby promoting judicial justice. In addition, the use of intelligent systems in predicting the risk of committing a crime or returning to the criminal justice system greatly contributes to decisions related to conditional release or setting bail. Also, text analysis and behavioral pattern recognition tools in criminal and legal cases can reduce the possibility of human errors and unintentional biases. However, the use of AI in decriminalization also comes with significant challenges and concerns. The most important of these challenges is the issue of transparency and understandability of algorithms; because AI decisions may be ambiguous and uninterpretable for human users and even judges due to technical complexities. Also, the risk of algorithmic discrimination resulting from inappropriate training data or biases in the data can jeopardize judicial justice. Concerns related to privacy, data security, and liability in the event of errors are also important concerns. Ultimately, the impact of AI on judicial decision-making processes depends largely on how it is designed, monitored, and the legal and ethical frameworks governing its use.

Abstract Semiotics and semantics play an important role in media analysis in today's world, and movie posters, as one of the key elements in movie advertising, can somehow convey the story and message of the film to the audience. Analyzing the semiotics of movie posters as a communication tool allows us to examine how meanings and emotions are conveyed to the audience. Yuri Lotman, a prominent Russian theorist, believes that each sign has its own meaning in a cultural and social context. The use of signs in posters, in addition to attracting attention, can create certain emotions and expectations in the viewer. Yuri Lotman, a prominent Russian theorist, has studied the structure and cultural signs and can help us to have a deeper understanding of these media. This article analyzes the semiotics of movie posters and its impact on the audience from Lotman's perspective and analyzes the key elements of signs, colors, images and texts in these posters.

Abstract This study develops a comprehensive and integrative framework for agile leadership in knowledge-based organizations (KBOs), designed to address the unique challenges of operating in volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) environments. Drawing from the knowledge-based view (KBV) of the firm, dynamic capabilities theory, and contemporary agile leadership models, the framework emphasizes the interplay between leadership behaviors, organizational culture, and knowledge management processes. Specifically, it integrates the “align–empower” leadership paradigm, which balances strategic alignment with team empowerment, and incorporates transformational leadership as a catalyst for innovation, trust, and resilience. The framework operationalizes Nonaka and Takeuchi’s SECI model of knowledge creation (Socialization, Externalization, Combination, Internalization) within agile contexts, highlighting the role of leaders in creating an enabling environment (“Ba”) for knowledge sharing, learning, and application. By fostering psychological safety, autonomy, and shared purpose, agile leaders can accelerate both the creation and utilization of organizational knowledge, enhancing adaptability, responsiveness, and innovation. This synthesis offers theoretical contributions by bridging agile leadership and KBV perspectives, while providing practical guidelines for leadership development, digital transformation, and cultural change in KBOs. Implications extend to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and large-scale knowledge-intensive organizations, with recommendations for context-specific adaptation. The proposed model serves as a roadmap for scholars seeking to empirically test agile leadership mechanisms and for practitioners aiming to embed agility into the DNA of knowledge-driven enterprises. Ultimately, this framework underscores that in knowledge-based economies, agility in leadership is not optional—it is an imperative for sustained competitive advantage.

Abstract Contract law, as one of the most fundamental branches of legal systems, has evolved significantly over centuries to adapt to changing economic, social, and technological contexts. Its historical development—from Roman law’s emphasis on ritualistic formalities, to the medieval lex mercatoria, and later the codifications of civil law and the precedent-driven common law—highlights the dynamic interplay between law and society. Core principles such as freedom of contract, pacta sunt servanda (agreements must be kept), good faith, consideration, and legality have remained central, though their application has been continually reshaped by shifting social needs and regulatory frameworks. In modern contexts, contract law faces profound challenges. Globalization has expanded cross-border transactions, necessitating harmonization efforts through international conventions such as the CISG. Meanwhile, consumer protection has become increasingly important in addressing power imbalances and ensuring fairness in contractual relationships. The digital revolution has further transformed contract formation, with e-contracts, clickwrap agreements, and electronic signatures raising new legal and ethical issues. Emerging technologies such as blockchain and smart contracts present both opportunities for efficiency and challenges related to enforceability, remedies, and accountability. Looking forward, contract law is expected to undergo significant transformation in response to rapid technological advancement, global harmonization efforts, and the growing importance of sustainability and social responsibility. The integration of artificial intelligence into contract drafting, negotiation, and enforcement will further reshape traditional practices, while simultaneously raising questions of liability, transparency, and fairness.

Abstract Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) represent the backbone of global economic activity, contributing significantly to employment, innovation, and sustainable development. However, globalization, rapid technological advancements, shifting consumer preferences, and increasing environmental pressures have intensified the challenges these firms face in remaining competitive. Strategic planning and sustainability practices have therefore become critical tools for ensuring SME survival and growth in international markets. This paper examines the role of strategic planning in guiding SMEs through uncertain environments, enabling them to align resources, anticipate risks, and pursue innovation-driven opportunities. It also highlights how sustainability practices—such as green supply chain management, energy efficiency, corporate social responsibility, and circular economy models—can strengthen resilience, improve brand reputation, and enhance long-term profitability. The integration of sustainability into strategic planning allows SMEs not only to comply with international standards but also to gain a competitive advantage in markets where eco-consciousness and ethical practices are increasingly valued. Despite resource limitations and barriers to adoption, SMEs that combine effective strategy with sustainability are better positioned to respond to global market challenges and contribute meaningfully to sustainable economic growth. Policymakers, business leaders, and stakeholders must therefore support SMEs by providing financial incentives, training, and collaborative platforms to accelerate this transformation.

Abstract Contracts constitute the backbone of private law and commercial interactions, ensuring that individuals and entities can rely upon legally binding promises. This paper aims to examine the general rules of contracts in two distinct legal traditions: Iranian law, which is primarily based on the Civil Code influenced by Islamic jurisprudence and continental legal doctrines, and common law, which has developed through judicial precedent in England and later expanded in jurisdictions such as the United States. The comparative analysis highlights both convergences and divergences in key areas such as contract formation, validity, and consideration versus cause, performance, remedies, and doctrines of good faith. The research demonstrates that while Iranian contract law is deeply rooted in moral and religious values, emphasizing equity and good faith, common law reflects a pragmatic and case-based approach where judicial precedent and doctrines like consideration play a central role. Despite these differences, modern legal trends such as international trade law, UNIDROIT Principles, and the CISG have encouraged convergence between civil law and common law traditions. The paper concludes that comparative studies not only deepen understanding of domestic laws but also contribute to harmonization in global contract law.