Advanced Journal of Management, Humanity and Social Science

Abstract Background: The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in higher education has introduced unprecedented ethical challenges. Universities increasingly rely on AI for administrative decisions, student assessment, research support, and learning analytics. However, these applications raise concerns regarding fairness, transparency, privacy, and potential cultural biases. This study explores the ethical challenges of AI in universities with particular attention to cultural sensitivities and regional norms.

Methods: A mixed-methods approach was employed. Quantitative data were collected via an online survey distributed to 350 faculty members and administrative staff across five universities in culturally diverse regions. The survey measured perceptions of AI ethics, awareness of cultural considerations, and institutional policies. Qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with 20 stakeholders to explore experiences and perceptions of AI-related ethical dilemmas. Descriptive statistics, thematic analysis, and cross-tabulations were used to analyze the data.

Results: Survey results indicated that 68% of participants were concerned about potential bias in AI algorithms affecting student evaluations. Privacy concerns were reported by 74% of respondents, particularly regarding learning analytics platforms. Cultural sensitivity emerged as a significant issue, with 61% noting that AI tools often fail to account for regional social norms and values. Interview data revealed recurring ethical themes: algorithmic bias, lack of transparency, data misuse, and limited institutional guidelines addressing cultural factors. A sample table summarizing survey responses highlights key ethical challenges.

Conclusion: Universities face complex ethical dilemmas when implementing AI technologies, exacerbated by cultural sensitivities. Developing clear guidelines, culturally-aware AI frameworks, and institutional oversight mechanisms is crucial. Future research should focus on adaptive AI policies that integrate ethical, social, and cultural considerations to promote equitable and responsible AI adoption in higher education.

Abstract Introduction: The tourism industry is undergoing a rapid transformation due to the integration of smart technologies. Artificial Intelligence (AI), Virtual Reality (VR), and Augmented Reality (AR) are increasingly used to enhance destination marketing and improve tourist experiences. These technologies offer opportunities for personalized marketing, immersive destination previews, real-time engagement, and sustainable branding, reshaping how tourists perceive and interact with destinations.

Objective: This study aims to analyze the efficiency and impact of AI, VR, and AR in destination marketing, evaluating their contribution to enhancing tourist satisfaction, engagement, and intention to visit. The study also investigates challenges and limitations associated with adopting smart technologies in tourism contexts.

Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted, synthesizing findings from 50 recent empirical and theoretical studies (2018–2025) across tourism, marketing, and technology journals. The review focused on AI applications in personalized marketing, VR/AR tools for pre-visit and on-site experiences, and the integration of these technologies into smart destination ecosystems. Key metrics included tourist engagement, satisfaction, travel intention, and destination image.

Results: Findings indicate that AI significantly improves marketing efficiency by enabling data-driven personalization and predictive analytics. VR provides immersive pre-visit experiences that increase destination familiarity and travel intention, while AR enhances on-site engagement, learning, and satisfaction. Integrating these technologies within a smart destination ecosystem further strengthens operational efficiency and sustainable branding. Challenges include high implementation costs, accessibility barriers, user experience design, and privacy concerns.

Conclusion: Smart technologies (AI, VR, AR) demonstrate substantial potential in transforming destination marketing and tourist experiences. Destinations adopting these tools can enhance visitor engagement, satisfaction, and loyalty while promoting sustainable and authentic branding. Careful planning, user-centric design, and ethical data management are essential to maximize benefits and overcome limitations. Future research should examine longitudinal effects, cross-cultural differences, and measurable impacts on destination competitiveness.

Abstract Arbitration has become one of the most widely used mechanisms for resolving disputes in international commercial contracts due to its efficiency, neutrality, and enforceability across borders. The effectiveness of arbitration, however, fundamentally depends on the validity and enforceability of the arbitration clause embedded within the contract. A well-drafted arbitration clause ensures that parties have a clear, mutual agreement to resolve disputes outside of domestic courts, providing predictability and reducing the risk of protracted litigation. This paper examines the legal frameworks, challenges, and practical considerations associated with arbitration clauses in international commercial agreements. It analyzes key international instruments, including the New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (1958), and national legislations modeled on the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration, highlighting how they influence enforceability. Critical factors affecting the validity of arbitration clauses include mutual consent, clarity of scope, compliance with mandatory legal requirements, capacity of the parties, and adherence to public policy. Challenges to enforceability often arise from ambiguities in drafting, conflicts with national laws, jurisdictional disputes, and procedural irregularities. The study also discusses notable case law, including Fiona Trust & Holding Corp v. Privalov and Dallah Real Estate & Tourism Holding Co. v. Ministry of Religious Affairs, illustrating how courts interpret and uphold arbitration agreements. Finally, the paper provides practical recommendations for drafting effective arbitration clauses, emphasizing the importance of specifying arbitration rules, the seat of arbitration, applicable law, language, and interim relief provisions. By addressing potential challenges proactively, parties can significantly increase the likelihood that their arbitration agreements will be recognized and enforced internationally, thereby ensuring a reliable mechanism for dispute resolution and promoting greater confidence in cross-border commercial transactions.

Abstract In recent years, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has become one of the major educational challenges in elementary schools. This disorder, characterized by symptoms such as restlessness, excessive talking, lack of concentration, and impulsive behaviors, often leads to academic decline, classroom disruption, and dissatisfaction among parents and teachers. Despite the availability of conventional treatment methods, the use of Islamic psychological principles as a culturally grounded approach has been rarely explored. The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of Islamic psychology in reducing ADHD symptoms in a fourth-grade elementary student. Using an action research approach based on the Contradiction Table Model, behavioral gaps between the current and desired states were analyzed. Data were collected through participatory observation, interviews with the student’s parents and teacher, and the standardized Conners’ Rating Scale. A series of educational interventions rooted in Islamic psychology were implemented, including focused prayer training, calming dhikr (remembrance of God), Quranic storytelling emphasizing patience and self-control, assigning ethical responsibilities, daily planning with parental involvement, and anger management techniques inspired by religious teachings. The results showed a significant reduction in ADHD symptoms, improved concentration, enhanced social interactions, and increased satisfaction among both parents and the teacher. This study demonstrates that integrating religious values with educational strategies can serve as a complementary and applicable model in Islamic educational environments, playing an effective role in promoting mental health and behavioral regulation among children.

Abstract Introduction / Background: In the current digital era, organizations face increasingly sophisticated cyber threats that challenge conventional security mechanisms. The growing complexity and volume of cyber incidents demand innovative solutions capable of supporting rapid, accurate, and proactive decision-making.

Purpose / Objective: This study investigates the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based Decision Support Systems (DSS) on organizational cybersecurity and risk management. Specifically, it aims to examine how AI-driven DSS enhances threat detection, improves incident response, strengthens risk management, and contributes to organizational resilience. Additionally, the study explores challenges, limitations, and governance requirements associated with integrating AI-based DSS into organizational practices.

Methodology: A comprehensive literature review and conceptual analysis were conducted, drawing insights from recent empirical studies, frameworks, and case studies on AI applications in cybersecurity and risk management. The study identifies key constructs, including AI-DSS capabilities, cybersecurity effectiveness, risk management efficiency, governance mechanisms, and organizational readiness, and proposes a conceptual framework linking these constructs.

Results: Findings indicate that AI-based DSS significantly improves cybersecurity performance, enabling faster detection of threats, proactive mitigation, and reduced operational and strategic risk exposure. Furthermore, AI integration supports more informed and timely decision-making, enhancing overall organizational resilience. However, the effectiveness of AI-based DSS is influenced by data quality, human oversight, governance frameworks, and organizational readiness. Potential risks include adversarial attacks, model biases, and over-reliance on automated decision-making.

Conclusion: AI-based Decision Support Systems represent a strategic tool for strengthening cybersecurity and risk management in modern organizations. Successful implementation requires a holistic approach encompassing governance, human-in-the-loop oversight, infrastructure readiness, and continuous evaluation. By integrating AI responsibly, organizations can achieve enhanced security, better risk mitigation, and improved operational resilience.

Abstract Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, affecting both children and adults worldwide. Beyond the core behavioral symptoms, deficits in executive functions (EF)—including working memory, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, and planning—play a central role in the functional impairments associated with ADHD. These deficits interfere with academic achievement, occupational performance, and social relationships, highlighting the need for interventions targeting both behavioral and cognitive domains. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has emerged as an evidence-based, non-pharmacological intervention aimed at addressing maladaptive thought patterns, promoting self-regulation, and enhancing adaptive skills. This review synthesizes current research on the relationship between EF deficits and ADHD symptoms and evaluates the effectiveness of CBT in mitigating these impairments. Studies indicate that CBT significantly reduces core ADHD symptoms and enhances EF-related skills, such as task management, organization, impulse control, and self-monitoring. Interventions that integrate EF-targeted strategies within CBT show greater efficacy, particularly in improving working memory, cognitive flexibility, and planning abilities. Furthermore, CBT contributes to improved emotional regulation and coping strategies, which indirectly enhance executive functioning. Evidence suggests that combining CBT with pharmacological treatment may produce additive benefits, while digital and group-based CBT formats provide accessible alternatives for diverse populations. Despite promising results, variability in treatment outcomes highlights the importance of tailoring interventions to individual profiles of EF deficits and developmental stages. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies, standardized EF assessments, and the integration of technology-assisted CBT to optimize intervention efficacy. Overall, targeting executive function deficits through structured CBT offers a comprehensive approach to managing ADHD symptoms, fostering improved cognitive, behavioral, and psychosocial outcomes.