Advanced Journal of Management, Humanity and Social Science

Abstract Contract rescission serves as a crucial legal mechanism for terminating contractual obligations, ensuring fairness, and maintaining the balance of rights between parties. This study aims to examine the effects of contract rescission in Iranian civil law and to compare them with those in comparative law, analyzing the legal aspects, conditions for rescission, and its consequences. In Iranian law, contract rescission is generally possible either legally or contractually, and its effects mainly include the termination of future obligations, restitution to the prior state, and compensation for damages resulting from contractual breaches. In comparative legal systems, particularly in French and English law, similar concepts exist; however, notable differences can be observed regarding restitution, the extent of damage compensation, and the role of the parties’ will. The research employs a descriptive-analytical method, relying on legal texts, doctrinal analysis, and judicial precedents to identify points of convergence and divergence among various legal systems. The findings indicate that while the fundamental principles of contract rescission are largely similar across jurisdictions, differences exist in the execution of rescission and its impact on complex economic contracts. Moreover, comparative law generally offers greater flexibility in determining the effects of rescission and compensating associated damages, whereas Iranian law provides a more defined and limited legal framework. This study concludes with recommendations to enhance the regulation of contract rescission in Iranian law, offering practical guidance for legal practitioners, judges, and contract drafters.

Abstract Ethical consumerism varies widely across global markets, yet its socio-cultural foundations remain insufficiently theorized. This study conducts a structured qualitative, systematic literature review, guided by PRISMA principles, to integrate two decades of research on socio-cultural drivers of ethical consumption. The thematic synthesis identifies six recurring mechanisms—cultural value systems, social norms, identity expression, moral responsibility, religious frameworks, and the global–local interpretation of ethical narratives.In recent decades, the global marketplace has witnessed a striking rise in ethical consumerism—forms of consumption guided not only by personal preference but by concerns for social responsibility, environmental stewardship, and moral integrity. Ethical consumerism spans a wide spectrum of behaviours: choosing fair-trade goods, prioritizing eco-friendly and cruelty-free products, supporting companies with transparent labour practices, and rejecting brands associated with exploitation or environmental harm.

These mechanisms collectively explain how consumers assign meaning to ethical claims and why ethical behaviors diverge across cultural contexts. Drawing on these insights, the study proposes a novel conceptual model in which socio-cultural drivers operate through a meaning-making filter that mediates global ethical messages and generates culturally specific marketing implications.

This model reframes ethical consumerism as a culturally embedded interpretive process rather than a preference-driven outcome, offering actionable guidance for policymakers and global marketers aiming to design culturally adaptive, norm-responsive, and identity-aligned ethical strategies.

Abstract The rapid advancement of digital technologies has fundamentally transformed the landscape of public governance. In modern governments and digital societies, big data and intelligent systems have emerged as critical instruments for improving the design and evaluation of public policies. This study examines how the integration of large-scale data analytics, artificial intelligence, and intelligent decision-support systems enhances evidence-based policymaking, policy effectiveness, and governmental responsiveness. Big data, derived from diverse sources such as administrative records, social media, sensors, and digital platforms, enables policymakers to better understand complex social dynamics, identify emerging policy problems, and design targeted interventions. Intelligent systems further support this process by applying machine learning and predictive analytics to forecast policy outcomes, optimize resource allocation, and reduce uncertainty in decision-making. The article highlights the role of these technologies across different stages of the public policy cycle, particularly in policy formulation and evaluation. In policy design, data-driven insights facilitate more precise problem definition and scenario analysis, while in policy evaluation, continuous data streams allow for real-time monitoring, performance measurement, and impact assessment. This shift from traditional, retrospective evaluation methods to dynamic and adaptive evaluation frameworks enhances accountability and institutional learning. Moreover, the use of big data and intelligent systems contributes to digital governance by increasing transparency and enabling greater citizen participation through open data initiatives and digital feedback mechanisms. However, the study also emphasizes key challenges, including data privacy risks, algorithmic bias, ethical concerns, and limitations in institutional capacity. Addressing these challenges requires robust data governance frameworks, ethical guidelines, and investment in technical and human capabilities. Overall, the article argues that while big data and intelligent systems hold significant potential to transform public policymaking, their successful adoption depends on balancing technological innovation with democratic values, social equity, and public trust.

Abstract In recent years, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has become one of the major educational challenges in elementary schools. This disorder, characterized by symptoms such as restlessness, excessive talking, lack of concentration, and impulsive behaviors, often leads to academic decline, classroom disruption, and dissatisfaction among parents and teachers. Despite the availability of conventional treatment methods, the use of Islamic psychological principles as a culturally grounded approach has been rarely explored. The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of Islamic psychology in reducing ADHD symptoms in a fourth-grade elementary student. Using an action research approach based on the Contradiction Table Model, behavioral gaps between the current and desired states were analyzed. Data were collected through participatory observation, interviews with the student’s parents and teacher, and the standardized Conners’ Rating Scale. A series of educational interventions rooted in Islamic psychology were implemented, including focused prayer training, calming dhikr (remembrance of God), Quranic storytelling emphasizing patience and self-control, assigning ethical responsibilities, daily planning with parental involvement, and anger management techniques inspired by religious teachings. The results showed a significant reduction in ADHD symptoms, improved concentration, enhanced social interactions, and increased satisfaction among both parents and the teacher. This study demonstrates that integrating religious values with educational strategies can serve as a complementary and applicable model in Islamic educational environments, playing an effective role in promoting mental health and behavioral regulation among children.

Abstract This study investigates how intellectual capital influences the performance of financial institutions in Balkh province, Afghanistan, emphasizing its role as a core intangible asset that drives value creation in modern organizations. Intellectual capital, based on the model of Caba and Sierra (2001), is examined through its three key components—human capital, structural capital, and relational capital. Data were collected from 120 licensed money exchangers and private commercial banks in Mazar-e-Sharif using a structured questionnaire measured on a five-point Likert scale, and the analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and optimal scaling regression in SPSS. The results indicate that intellectual capital substantially contributes to institutional performance, with an R² value of 0.63, demonstrating that the examined variables account for 63% of performance variance. Within human capital, five indicators show significant influence, highlighting the importance of employee creativity, professional competencies, training, dynamism, and overall operational capability. In structural capital, two indicators—organizational research and development capacity and operational efficiency—emerge as meaningful contributors to performance. Relational capital also proves relevant, with communication quality with customers and suppliers showing significant positive effects. Overall, the findings confirm that human, structural, and relational capital collectively shape the performance of financial institutions in Balkh, with human capital exerting the strongest influence. These results underscore the need for financial institutions in Afghanistan to prioritize the development, management, and continuous enhancement of intangible assets to improve competitiveness, service delivery, and long-term organizational sustainability.

Abstract In today’s highly volatile and uncertain environment, organizations are increasingly exposed to crises that are complex, systemic, and largely unpredictable. Traditional managerial approaches based on linear planning and stability assumptions are often inadequate for addressing such disruptions. This article examines the critical role of strategic thinking in crisis management and its contribution to enhancing organizational resilience under conditions of uncertainty. Drawing on interdisciplinary literature from strategic management, crisis management, organizational behavior, and systems theory, the study conceptualizes strategic thinking as a dynamic cognitive capability that integrates long-term vision, holistic understanding, adaptability, and learning orientation. The paper argues that strategic thinking enables organizations to better anticipate emerging threats, respond effectively during crises, and engage in post-crisis recovery and renewal. Key dimensions of strategic thinking—including systems perspective, strategic intent, intelligent opportunism, thinking in time, and hypothesis-driven learning—are analyzed in relation to the main phases of crisis management: pre-crisis preparedness, crisis response, recovery, and organizational learning. Through this analysis, the study highlights how strategic thinking supports sense-making under ambiguity, enhances strategic flexibility, and facilitates informed decision-making during high-pressure situations. Furthermore, the article positions strategic thinking as a foundational element of organizational resilience. It demonstrates that resilience is not solely dependent on structural resources or formal procedures, but also on how leaders and organizations interpret uncertainty, reframe adversity, and mobilize collective capabilities. An integrative conceptual framework is proposed to illustrate the linkages between strategic thinking, crisis management processes, and resilience outcomes. The study offers practical implications for managers and leaders by emphasizing the need to cultivate strategic thinking capabilities at both individual and organizational levels. It also outlines directions for future research aimed at empirically testing the proposed relationships across diverse organizational contexts

Abstract Stipulations within contracts (Shurūṭ Ḍimn al-‘Aqd) constitute an essential legal mechanism through which contracting parties can regulate their mutual rights and obligations beyond the principal terms of an agreement. In legal systems influenced by Islamic law, particularly Iranian law, contractual stipulations occupy a central position due to their deep roots in Imami (Ja‘fari) jurisprudence. This comparative study examines the concept, legal foundations, and conditions of validity, classifications, and legal effects of stipulations within contracts in Iranian law and Imami jurisprudence, with the aim of identifying points of convergence and divergence between the two systems. In Imami jurisprudence, contractual stipulations are regarded as ancillary commitments attached to the main contract and derive their binding force from both jurisprudential principles and religious sources, most notably the rule that believers are bound by their conditions (al-mu’minūn ‘inda shurūṭihim). However, their validity is strictly limited by conformity with Sharia, rationality, feasibility, and consistency with the essence of the contract. Iranian civil law, while largely inspired by these jurisprudential principles, adopts a codified and systematic approach, particularly in Articles 234 to 246 of the Iranian Civil Code, and further reinforces contractual autonomy through Article 10, which recognizes the freedom of private agreements within legal boundaries. The findings of this study demonstrate a substantial degree of harmony between Iranian law and Imami jurisprudence, especially in the classification of stipulations into conditions of attribute, act, and result, as well as in the legal consequences of breach. Nevertheless, Iranian law introduces modern legal concepts such as public order, legal certainty, and explicit statutory remedies, which distinguish it from classical jurisprudential analysis. Overall, the study highlights how Iranian law has preserved the substantive foundations of Imami jurisprudence while adapting them to the requirements of a modern legal system.